- People who work together, often get the same diseases.
- Our homes are full of devices - machines - that run on electricity
- There are also some very special lamps that produce ultraviolet and infrared rays.
- The substance which causes cancer, is the tar in cigarettes.
- The effects of carbon monoxide can cause permanent damage which lasts for a very long time.
- Some parents who are teaching their children at home, have a study programme.
- An ecologist is a person who studies the environment.
- A microscope is an instrument which is used by scientists to magnify very small objects.
- Vegetables that can be consumed by human beings, are limited.
- The person who has cancer, must be careful about his diet.
- The book that I am reading, was written by Dan Brown.
- What was the first gift of the person who loves you?
- He wears a watch that displays the time in four major world cities.
- Does the salary that you earn motivate you?
- Those kittens need people who will feed them.
- I couldn’t believe the information that she gave me.
- The police arrested the person who killed Jill Dando.
- Parkinson’s patients who display abnormal social behavior, make poor decisions.
- Children who are under arrest, should be released.
- In
- The woman who raised me died last year.
- A rebel is a person who resists or fights against authority.
- Halide Edip Adıvar was one of the women who contributed to the Modern Turkish Literature.
- The geologist who lectured at Browning Hall last night, predicted another earthquake.
- The men who were young during the Vietnam War, are now in their sixties and seventies.
- This internet site is useful for students who want to learn more about the animals that live in the
- The furniture that you will buy, not only suits your needs but also appeals to your aesthetic senses.
- A political party that control or seek to control a government, is an organized group of people.
- Acupuncture that was developed in
- The scientists are trained to develop a computer that will not die.
- The individuals who first used the new technology accumulated great wealth.
- A new study suggests that very young children who watch a lot of television may have attention problems later in school.
- Students who study a foreign language, will also learn more about their own native language comparing and contrasting the two languages.
- The largest and most complex group that sociologists study is society, which consists of people who share a culture and a territory.
- The term networking, which has appeared in popular speech, refers to using or even developing social networks.
Tuesday, February 28, 2012
Relative Clause Sentences
Sample Effect Paragraph
Effects of Alcohol
Letting alcohol take control over your life has many negative effects on a person and the people around them. One important effect is the damage you can do to your body. Drinking can lead to severe illness and even eventual death; some health consequences to consider might be liver disease, kidney failure and, for pregnant women, the loss of their unborn child. Another detriment is that an addiction could lead to drinking and driving; possibly causing a fatal car accident for either yourself and/or an innocent bystander. Another concern to consider is the relationships alcohol can destroy. Alcohol abuse can have very serious affect on a person’s temperament, which can lead to spousal and even child abuse. Alcohol often is the number one cause in divorce and spending time in jail. It can also affect relationships outside of the family; many people have lost life long friends whether it is due to foolish arguments and behavior or possibly death. Lastly, drinking has negative effects on self-esteem and rational thinking. People become more self-centered, develop low self-esteem, doing things or behaving in ways that they would not normally. They have little or no regard to the outcomes of what is said or done when they grow reliant on getting that alcohol high. The negative effects of alcohol abuse are overwhelming when considering the many consequences that drinkers and the people around them have to deal with.
The Cause/Effect Paragraph
The Cause/Effect Paragraph
You can organize a cause/effect paragraph in one of three ways. First, discuss both the causes and effects of a problem or issue simultaneously or consecutively; second, state an effect first and then discuss its causes; third, state a cause first and then discuss its effects. Diagrammed these three methods look like this:
(1) C/E1, C/E2, C/E3
(2) E + C1, C2, C3,
(3) C+ E1, E2, E3
The first method, since you are discussing both ends of an issue, will call for more development than the other two and should, perhaps, depending on the amount of time you have and how much you know, be reserved for essays. As for the other two, let's look at some sample paragraphs illustrating the development of each. Suppose you were to write a paragraph on "The Causes and Effects of Air Pollution" using the Effect + C1 C2 C3 method. Your product may look something like this:
Air pollution is perhaps the most devastating form of pollution since it destroys a resource that every life form as we know it needs to sustain itself. The effects of this menace, both immediate and far ranging, are easy to summarize: unbreathable air. The causes, however, need some more inspection. Every citizen who drives a car that is not properly serviced and that does not have emission control devices is contributing noxious gases into the atmosphere. Large industries that do not have filtration mechanisms on their smoke stacks are also contributors. Every government which does not pass, or passes but does not enforce, strict air pollution legislation is also destroying the atmosphere. One may wonder why these three aspects of society are so cavalier about the air they breathe. Well, thereis an underlying cause which motivates all three groups: money. Legislation and enforcement of laws, installation and maintenance of filtration systems cost money. The majority of these three groups seems content to save a bit of money now and to sacrifice an invaluable commodity later.
Here is a paragraph using the C + E1, E2, E3 method.
Air pollution is perhaps the most devastating type of pollution because it destroys a resource every life form as we know it needs to sustain itself. The cause of this menace is a century or so of unconcern among individual citizens, large corporations, and governments. The effects of disregarding the warning signs influence present life styles and determine the future. Now people are only inconvenienced by air pollution. Large urban areas such as Los Angeles
Hazards to avoid
In using this pattern the writer must be especially wary of attributing effects to superficial causes when a bit of reflection will reveal more important ones. For example, it is facile but rather superficial logic to say that the Arab oil exporting countries keep raising the price of oil only to make themselves immensely rich and to bring the rest of the world to its knees. One has only to pause a moment to ponder the Arab Nations' position. It might be reasonable to conclude that they have a finite supply of an important commodity; one day it will be gone, and the world will be powered by other sources; and therefore, they must have a hedge against the future. Cause/effect development may appear easy on the surface when in fact it is very demanding.
The Cause/Effect Essay
Expanding a cause/effect paragraph into an essay involves either expanding what you have with examples and other information or, treating more fully the element (either cause or effect) which you only briefly mentioned in the paragraphs. For example, if you principally treated the effects of an issue in the paragraph, then you would expand the causes side of the issue and vice versa. To create a cause/ effect essay, let's combine the two paragraphs on air pollution:
The world is faced with many crises, not the least of which are the various forms of pollution. And of these, perhaps the most devastating is air pollution. Since this menace is of concern to every human being, an examination of itscauses and effects will be interesting and illuminating.
The causes of air pollution seem to stem from carelessness or blatant unconcern. Every citizen who drives a car that is not properly serviced and that does not have emission control devices is contributing noxious gases into the atmosphere. Large industries that do not have filtration mechanisms on their smoke stacks are also contributors. Every government which does not pass or passes but does not enforce strict air pollution legislation is also destroying the atmosphere. One may wonder why these three aspects of society show such a lack of concern with the air they breathe.Well, the underlying cause which motivates all three groups is money. Legislation and enforcement of laws and installation and maintenance of filtration systems cost money. The majority of these three groups seems content to save a bit of money now and sacrifice an invaluable commodity later.
The effects of air pollution and disregarding its warning signals influence present life styles and determine the future. Now people are only inconvenienced by air pollution. Large urban areas such as Los Angeles
Monday, February 27, 2012
Relative Clauses Exercises
Complete the conversation using WHO, WHICH, WHOSE or WHERE:
Simon: Hi Nigel! Where did you go on holiday?
Nigel : I went to Greece
Simon: Did you see anything exciting?
Nigel : Yes. I went to the Acropolis, …………………. is very famous.
I also went to the place ………the first Olympic Games were held.
Simon : Did you meet anyone interesting there?
Nigel : Yes. I met a girl ……………….. was from England
She knew a Greek family……... lived in Athens
she took me to meet them. They were a very rich and kind
family ………………. friendliness made me feel very welcome.
Simon : It sounds like you enjoyed yourself!
Nigel : Yes, it’s a place ………………. I would like to go back.
Match the phrases as in the example:
| a blender | a path at the side of the road | you relax in it |
| a party | something | you mix things with it |
| an armchair | a machine | people walk along it |
| a pavement | a piece of furniture | people enjoy going to |
| a fork | an occasion | you eat with it |
1. A blender is a machine you mix things with.
2. ………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………
Complete with WHO or WHICH:
“ Bob Geldof is a singer and songwriter WHO was born in Ireland 1954. “
1. He is the famous pop musician …………………. organized charity pop concerts in the 1980s.
2. “I don’t like Mondays.” is the name of one of his songs ……………….. became a big hit.
3. “Feed the World” is the song …………………… raised $8 million for famine relief in Eithiopia.
4. “Bond Aid” was the name of the group …………………. sang the number one hit.
5. Geldof traveled all over the world. He found a lot of famous people …………………. were willing to give money for his projects.
6. Before Bob became a pop star, he had many different jobs ………………….. he didn’t like.
7. Being a music journalist in Canada
8. “The Boomtown Rats” is the name of the group ……………………… he formed in Dublin.
9. Geldof wrote a best-selling book about his life …………………… is called IS THAT IT?
10. People ………………… know Geldof say that he is a very kind person.
1. I watched a football match which …………………………………………………..
2. My friends whom ………………………………………………..brought me nice presents.
3. Did you pass the exam which ……………………………………………………………. ?
4. Students who …………………………………………………………... must study harder.
5. The postman whose …………………………………………………………. is at the door.
6. That’s the girl whose ……………………………………………………………………….
7. Jim helped the old lady who ………………………………………………………………..
8. The police asked some questions to the boy who …………………………………………..
9. I have a new camera which …………………………………………………………………
10. A parrot is a bird that ……………………………………………………………………….
11. The children whom …………………………………………………….. were arguing with each other.
12. Prof. Moore who ………………………………………………………... will be our guest.
13. The soup which ……………………………………………………………. was very salty.
14. A kangaroo is an animal which ……………………………………………………………..
15. Is that the same boy who …………………………………………………………………. ?
16. The present which …………………………………………………… was very interesting.
17. I need someone who ………………………………………………………………………..
18. The actor whom ………………………………………………………… was very famous.
Answer the questions using RELATIVE PRONOUNS:
1. Who did she give the money to? (man / wait at the door)
……………………………………………………………………
2. Where did he take her? (restaurant / serve Chinese food)
……………………………………………………………………
3. What kind of students are mostly successful?
……………………………………………………………………
4. What kind of people do you like?
……………………………………………………………………
5. What kind of people don’t you like?
……………………………………………………………………
6. Where did she live when she was a child? (big house / room for everyone)
……………………………………………………………………
7. Who is a postman?
……………………………………………………………………
8. What is a knife?
……………………………………………………………………
9. What kind of place do you like?
…………………………………………………………………….
10. What is a zoo?
…………………………………………………………………….
Rewrite the following story combining the sentences using a RELATIVE PRONOUN:
In 1956, a young sailor wrote a note. He felt very lonely. He put the note into a bottle. He threw the bottle into the ocean. In his note, he wanted any girl to write to him. A girl would find the bottle.
Two years later, a fisherman saw the sailor’s bottle and picked it up. He was fishing on a shore in Sicily Sicily
Relative Clause Exercise: Whitney Houston
Read the text below and make meaningful sentences by using “who, which, where”.
Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American recording artist, actress, producer, and model. Houston Newark , New Jersey Newark rebellion, her family moved to East Orange New Jersey
At the age of 11, Houston began to follow in her mother's footsteps and started performing as a soloist in the junior gospel choir at the New Hope Baptist Church in Newark Houston Caldwell , New Jersey Houston Houston
1) Whitney Elizabeth Houston ................................................
2) East Orange
3) She learned to play the piano at the New Hope Baptist Church
4) "Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah" ................................................
5) Mount Saint Dominic Academy
6) Chaka Khan, Gladys Knight, and Roberta Flack ................................
7) Houston
8) Houston
9) Emmy Award, Grammy Award, Billboard Music Award, American Music Award ..................................
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